breast cancer molecular subtypes

Release time ：Dec-25,2024

Breast cancer molecular subtypes categorize breast cancer into distinct types based on the expression patterns of specific molecular markers within tumor cells. These markers include the Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), and the Ki-67 index. Understanding these molecular subtypes is crucial for treatment planning and prognostic evaluation in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is primarily classified into four molecular subtypes based on molecular marker expression: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-overexpressing, and basal-like. Luminal A is the most prevalent subtype, constituting approximately 60%-70% of all breast cancer cases and typically associated with a favorable prognosis. Luminal B follows, accounting for 20%-30% of cases and having a less favorable prognosis compared to Luminal A. HER2-overexpressing subtypes make up about 20% of cases, with a poorer prognosis but responsiveness to targeted therapies. The basal-like subtype is less common, representing 10%-15% of cases and having the worst prognosis. There is also a subtype termed 'normal-like,' whose clinical significance remains to be fully elucidated.

Treatment strategies for breast cancer are tailored to the specific molecular subtypes. For instance, endocrine therapy is often the preferred treatment for Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancers that test positive for ER and/or PR. In contrast, HER2-overexpressing breast cancers require HER2-targeted therapy. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer is essential for devising personalized treatment plans. Patients should adhere to medical guidance during treatment and avoid self-medicating without proper oversight. Additionally, regular follow-ups and monitoring of disease progression are imperative.