how does breast cancer spread to brain

Release time ：Dec-23,2024

The process by which breast cancer metastasizes to the brain typically involves cancer cells entering the brain via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Upon reaching the brain, these cells can form new tumors within the brain tissue, termed brain metastases.

Specifically, breast cancer cells may detach from the primary tumor, enter the circulatory system through lymphatic vessels, and subsequently travel to the brain with the blood flow, penetrating the blood-brain barrier to infiltrate the brain tissue. Additionally, breast cancer cells can access the brain by entering the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain through the lymphatic system, leading to leptomeningeal metastasis.

Risk factors for brain metastasis from breast cancer include the tumor's type, grade, and stage, as well as the patient's treatment history. For instance, HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers are more likely to metastasize to the brain. Advanced-stage breast cancer patients are also at a higher risk for brain metastasis.

Routine imaging examinations are crucial for breast cancer patients to monitor for potential brain metastases. Should symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, or seizures arise, immediate medical attention is advised. Treatment options for brain metastases encompass surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, with the specific treatment plan tailored to the individual patient's circumstances.